V2CTx MXene and its derivatives: synthesis and recent progress in electrochemical energy storage applications

With the continuous development of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides (collectively referred to as MXene). Nowadays, more than 70 MXene materials have been discovered, and the number is still increasing. Among them, the V2CTx MXene has attracted considerable attentions due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties. In this review, we mainly discussed the emerging V2CTx MXene and its derivative systems in various energy storage devices. Firstly, an introduction of the V-based MXene and its derivatives along with their synthetic methodologies is provided, then we summarize their applications in specific energy storage devices, such as metal (Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn and Al) ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, supercapacitors and metal-ion capacitors. Finally, the main challenges and future perspectives existing in V-based MXene and its derivatives are reasonably put forward. Graphical abstract