Emerging Functions of ICAM-1 in Macrophage Efferocytosis and Wound Healing

ICAM-1 is a transmembrane, cell surface glycoprotein expressed by a variety of cells, but has been best-studied in vascular endothelium. Structurally, ICAM-1 is composed of five extracellular IgG- like domains to help facilitate cell-cell interactions and has a short cytoplasmic tail anchored to the cytoskeleton to facilitate intracellular signal transduction. ICAM-1 expressed by endothelial cells binds ?2-integrins, CD11b/CD18 (Mac1), and CD11a/CD18 (LFA1) to mediate the adhesion of circulating leukocytes to the vessel wall and to facilitate transendothelial migration. ICAM-1 can also regulate endothelial cell shape and vascular barrier function in response to inflammatory stimulation.