丝绸
微晶
材料科学
韧性
介观物理学
成核
背景(考古学)
分子间力
纳米技术
高分子科学
复合材料
分子
化学
物理
古生物学
生物
有机化学
冶金
量子力学
作者
Wei Qiu,Aniruddha Patil,Fan Hu,Xiang Yang Liu
出处
期刊:Small
[Wiley]
日期:2019-10-28
卷期号:15 (51)
被引量:75
标识
DOI:10.1002/smll.201903948
摘要
Abstract A comprehensive review on the five levels of hierarchical structures of silk materials and the correlation with macroscopic properties/performance of the silk materials, that is, the toughness, strain‐stiffening, etc., is presented. It follows that the crystalline binding force turns out to be very important in the stabilization of silk materials, while the β‐crystallite networks or nanofibrils and the interactions among helical nanofibrils are two of the most essential structural elements, which to a large extent determine the macroscopic performance of various forms of silk materials. In this context, the characteristic structural factors such as the orientation, size, and density of β‐crystallites are very crucial. It is revealed that the formation of these structural elements is mainly controlled by the intermolecular nucleation of β‐crystallites. Consequently, the rational design and reconstruction of silk materials can be implemented by controlling the molecular nucleation via applying sheering force and seeding (i.e., with carbon nanotubes). In general, the knowledge of the correlation between hierarchical structures and performance provides an understanding of the structural reasons behind the fascinating behaviors of silk materials.
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