Wide field-of-view anisotropic optoelectronic resistive memory for monocular in-sensor 3D motion perception and localization system

Compact machine vision with wide-field-of-view (FOV) three-dimensional (3D) motion perception is critical for intelligent, autonomous systems that interact dynamically with environments. Conventional systems, which combine wide-FOV and binocular cameras with complex 3D processing hardware, suffer from bulkiness, high energy consumption, and latency. While emerging neuromorphic in‑sensor computing approaches hold great promise, current neuromorphic vision devices are inherently limited: they lose depth information during 3D‑to‑2D projection, suffer from narrow detection angles, and lack 3D motion-processing capability. Here, we present a planar anisotropic optoelectronic resistive random-access memory (AORRAM) device based on a ZnO nanowire array with an engineered axial defect gradient. It achieves wide-FOV (up to 140°), anisotropic, multilevel non-volatile optical resistive switching. Using its intrinsic anisotropy, we construct a hardware system for robust in-sensor monocular motion depth perception and localization. Integrated with a gated recurrent unit, the system enables compact, low-power 3D motion recognition, achieving 95.41% accuracy under noisy conditions. Wide-field-of-view three-dimensional motion perception is critical for intelligent machine vision. Wang et al. report a wide-field-of-view, anisotropic, non-volatile optoelectronic device, which serves as the foundation for a compact hardware system enabling robust in-sensor monocular 3D motion perception and localization.