Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The incidence of IBD has increased in China in recent years, and patients with IBD will have high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) if not treated in time. More attention has been paid to chemoprevention of CRC. This review article introduced the present status and pathogenesis of IBD patients complicated with CRC, with focus on several agents used for chemoprevention.