Recent trends of mesoporous silica-based nanoplatforms for nanodynamic therapies

Nanodynamic therapies that generate free radicals/reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ have the possibility to treat deep-seated tumors and have gradually become attractive treatment strategies. Nanosensitizers are triggered either by exogenous/endogenous activators such as near-infrared light, ultrasound, X-ray, and microwave or by internal chemical/biological reaction in tumor microenvironment to generate free radicals for nanodynamic treatments. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) or MSNs-based hybrid nanoparticles are expected as suitable candidates in nanodynamic therapies, which possesses promising properties, such as large surface area, high pore volume, excellent biosafety, and easily modified surface. Herein, we explain and discuss the antitumor mechanism of MSNs-based nanodynamic therapies and multi-dynamic combination therapies. In addition, we summarize the latest progress in the construction, modification and application of MSNs-based nanodynamic therapies involving photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), thermodynamic therapy (TDT), radiodynamic therapy (RDT), and electrodynamic therapy (EDT). Finally, the challenges faced by MSNs–based nanodynamic therapies are elaborated and the development prospects for clinical applications of MSNs-based ROS-activated cancer treatments are also discussed in detail.