Development of Ru(bpy)32+ electrochemiluminescence sensor for highly sensitive detection of carcinogenic and mutagenic hexamethylphosphoramide

Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) is extensively used in various applications. However, it is categorized as carcinogenic and mutagenic substance that participates in adverse effects on public health. Herein, we developed a new Ru(bpy)32+ electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system for sensitive, cost-effective, rapid, and specific detection of HMPA. The developed ECL sensing platform enabled analysis of HMPA over a wide dynamic range of 0.1 μM to 1 mM with a detection limit of 0.08 μM (S/N = 3). The designed ECL sensor exhibited high percentage recoveries (98.0–102.5%) in real samples of lake water and waste water.