蒸发器
海水淡化
环境科学
太阳能
地热脱盐
蒸发
自来水
回流
环境工程
海水
可再生能源
工艺工程
材料科学
热交换器
化学
气象学
工程类
机械工程
电气工程
地质学
生物化学
物理
海洋学
膜
入口
作者
Kaijie Yang,Tingting Pan,Saichao Dang,Qiaoqiang Gan,Yu Han
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-34528-7
摘要
Abstract Direct solar desalination exhibits considerable potential for alleviating the global freshwater crisis. However, the prevention of salt accumulation while maintaining high water production remains an important challenge that limits its practical applications because the methods currently employed for achieving rapid salt backflow usually result in considerable heat loss. Herein, we fabricate a solar evaporator featuring vertically aligned mass transfer bridges for water transport and salt backflow. The 3D open architecture constructed using mass transfer bridges enables the evaporator to efficiently utilize the conductive heat that would otherwise be lost, significantly improving the water evaporation efficiency without compromising on salt rejection. The fabricated evaporator can treat salt water with more than 10% salinity. Moreover, it can continuously and steadily work in a real environment under natural sunlight with a practical solar-to-water collection efficiency of >40%. Using the discharged water from reverse osmosis plants and sea water from the Red Sea, the evaporator demonstrates a daily freshwater generation rate of ~5 L/m 2 , which is sufficient to satisfy individual drinking water requirements. With strong salt rejection, high energy efficiency, and simple scalability, the 3D evaporator has considerable promise for freshwater supply for water-stressed and off-grid communities.
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