Anisotropy characterization of turbulent fluidization

The turbulence anisotropy in moderately dense turbulent fluidization is characterized with the aid of the barycentric anisotropy map (BAM). Therein, the phase-filtered anisotropy Reynolds stress tensor is considered to classify the possible states of turbulence into: 1C (one-dimensional), 2C (two-dimensional isotropic) and 3C (three-dimensional isotropic). The turbulence trajectories on the gas phase, as highlighted in the side Figure, have revealed a prevalent 2-D ellipse-like turbulence in the dilute regions, changing to 1-D turbulence in transition areas, and tend towards 3-D turbulence in elongated pancake-like at the interface and inside the clusters.