Hierarchical game for integrated energy system and electricity-hydrogen hybrid charging station under distributionally robust optimization

To facilitate energy coupling and distributed coordinate the economic improvement needs of multi-stakeholders, a bi-level strategic operation framework is proposed for integrated energy system (IES) with electricity-hydrogen hybrid charging station (HCS) via utilizing the distributionally robust optimization (DRO) approach together with hierarchical game. Firstly, a Stackelberg game dynamic pricing strategy with the IES plays the leader at the upper level while the HCS is regarded as the follower at the lower level is established, in which electricity price and power are the only interactive information. Secondly, a comprehensive norm consisting of 1-norm and ∞-norm is elaborately constructed as the uncertainty probability information ambiguity set to capture the uncertainty of intractable electric vehicles' type characteristics in the HCS. Besides, a solving technique of the bisection-based distributed algorithm combined with the column-and-constraint generation algorithm is presented to overcome the convergence difficulty in the two-stage mathematical programming model with lower-level nonconvex problems. Finally, numerical simulation results are conducted confirming the priority of the employed model and method in balancing conflicts of interest, compromising economy and robustness, as well as the computational efficiency of the algorithm.