Magnetic analytical extractions of forensic samples: Latest developments and future perspectives

In response to the increasing demand for precise diagnosis in criminal investigations, magnetic extraction techniques have gained increased attention in forensic analysis. Magnetic extraction is usually based on magnetic materials that could be functionalized to obtain the appropriate functional groups for increasing selectivity and enhancing the analyte recovery. They offer efficient analyte separation and/or enrichment from samples with complex matrices when used in magnetic extraction. This review emphasizes several types of magnetic extraction techniques (including solid phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, liquid phase microextraction, and others) with their evolution in forensic science. It also provides insight into the potential benefits of combining forensic science and magnetic extraction, which will result in superior scientific analysis. The challenges and prospects of developing various magnetic extraction techniques in forensic science are also addressed.