A pilot non-randomized trial of smartphone-based anaglyph system for treatment of adult amblyopia through VR (Virtual Reality)

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of amblyopia treatment through a smartphone-based anaglyph system by virtual reality (VR) in adult patients. Methods: A total of 10 subjects diagnosed with anisometropic amblyopia were enrolled during the study period. Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), stereoacuity, and contrast acuity were evaluated during three visits (at presentation, 3 months and 6 months) of smartphone-based anaglyph video run in the VR mode. All the amblyogenic factors including stereopsis, color vision, and contrast acuity were compared using Friedman two-way analysis of variance. Statistical significance was considered if P < 0.05. Results: Mean BCVA in amblyopic eye improved significantly from a logMAR value of 0.73 ± 0.64 before Virtual reality vision therapy (VRVT) to a post-training VRVT value of 0.48 ± 0.44 (P < 0.01). Mean stereoacuity changed from a value of 560.00 ± 301.58 before VRVT to a value of 263.00 ± 143.58 seconds of arc after training (VRVT) (P < 0.01). Mean accommodation changes from a value of 15.00 ± 7.40 before training or VRVT to value of 12.60 ± 6.10 cm after training (P < 0.01). Mean contrast acuity changes from a value of 1.21 ± 0.72 at presentation to a value of 1.52 ± 0.49 log unit after VRVT. Conclusion: A smartphone-based anaglyph system using VR vision therapy appears to be an effective treatment option for amblyopia in adults.