Construction of Ecological Security Pattern in Karst Basin of Southwest China Considering Lithologic and Geological Disaster: Coupling Regional Ecological Security and Human Ecological Well‐Being

ABSTRACT In this study, the initiative of human beings to approach high‐quality ecological space is incorporated into the construction of the ecological security pattern, and an innovative method of constructing an ecological security pattern is proposed for the karst basin, where the development of mountain tourism is rapid and the incidence of sudden geodisasters is high, which can simultaneously achieve the goals of maintaining the regional ecological security and enhancing the ecological well‐being of human beings. Taking the Beipan River Basin in Guizhou Province as an example, this study incorporates human demand for high‐quality ecological space into the construction of an ecological security pattern, evaluates ecosystem service supply and demand, and connects high‐supply zones and high‐demand zones to construct a natural‐social ecological security pattern in the Beipan River Basin. Through in‐depth analysis of the spatial distribution differences of lithology and geohazards in the karst region, ecological restoration zones are delineated, and differentiated restoration measures are laid out. Finally, key ecological restoration zones at a fine scale are identified so that ecological restoration measures can be precisely implemented. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The natural ecological security pattern consists of 135 ecological sources and 343 ecological corridors. The upstream basalt area and the downstream clastic rock area are the key ecosystem service carrying areas, with several high‐quality ecological spaces, and the ecological stability is interfered with by plateau landslides, canyon avalanches, and other geohazards, (2) The socio‐ecological security pattern consists of 120 demand‐source areas and 618 supply–demand corridors, concentrated in the upstream resource‐based urban agglomerations and the midstream rocky desertification regions, with the supply–demand corridors serving as a link for human access to high‐quality ecosystem services, (3) Considering the spatial distribution of lithology, geo‐disasters, geomorphology, and ecological elements, three ecological restoration zones were divided, and differentiated restoration strategies were proposed in combination with lithology and geo‐disasters, in order to maintain the stability of the socio‐natural ecological security pattern, and (4) 135 ecological pinch points and 91 ecological obstacles are identified, which are the key areas for ecological restoration. This study can provide a reference for balancing the human‐land relationship in karst basins.