Preclinical cardiovascular safety assessment of pharmacology-toxicology relationship for a set of novel kinase inhibitors

医学 药理学 安全药理学 收缩性 毒性 肌钙蛋白I 变向性 心脏毒性 心率 血压 内科学 心脏病学 药品 心肌梗塞
作者
Yevgeniya E. Koshman,Rebecca Kohnken,Michael Logan,Scott W. Mittelstadt,C. Michael Foley
出处
期刊:Toxicological Sciences [Oxford University Press]
卷期号:198 (2): 316-327
标识
DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfae002
摘要

Abstract Cardiovascular toxicity is one of the more common causes of attrition in preclinical and clinical drug development. Preclinical cardiovascular safety assessment involves numerous in vitro and in vivo endpoints which are being continually reviewed and improved to lower the incidence of cardiovascular toxicity that manifests only after the initiation of clinical trials. An example of notable preclinical toxicity is necrosis in the papillary muscle of the left ventricle in dogs that is induced by exaggerated pharmacological effects of vasodilators or positive inotropic/vasodilating off-target drug effects. Two distinct, small-molecule inhibitors that target an intracellular kinase, Compound A and Compound B, were profiled in 2-week dose-range finding and 4-week toxicity studies. Serum cardiac troponin (cTnI) was evaluated after a single dose and after 2-week and 4-week repeat dose studies with each kinase inhibitor. Acute effects on hemodynamic (heart rate, blood pressures, left ventricular contractility) and electrocardiographic (QTcV, PR, QRS intervals) endpoints by each inhibitor were assessed in an anesthetized dog cardiovascular model. Cardiovascular degeneration/necrosis with and without fibrosis was observed in dogs and correlated to increases in serum cTnI in repeat-dose toxicity studies. At the same doses used in toxicologic assessments, both kinase inhibitors produced sustained increases in heart rate, left ventricular contractility, and cardiac output, and decreases in mean arterial pressure. Cardiac pathology findings associated with these 2 kinase inhibitors were accompanied not only by cardiac troponin elevations but also associated with hemodynamic changes, highlighting the importance of the link of the physiologic—toxicologic interplay in cardiovascular safety assessment.
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