Efficacy and safety of topical JAK inhibitors in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in paediatrics and adults: A systematic review

Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin inflammatory disease. Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune systems plays a major role in the pathophysiology of AD. JAKi (Janus Kinase Inhibitors) reduce the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and represent a promising novel treatment for AD. To assess and summarize the overall efficacy and safety of topial JAKi in the treatment of AD in adults and pediatrics, a broad search was performed on Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, Scopus, CINAHL and Google Scholar until 14 June 2022. After screening, 19 studies remained for the final review. The current systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID #CRD42022303321). Topical delgocitinib, tofacitinib, ruxolitinib, cerdulatinib and ifidancitinib are effective in treating AD and significantly improve EASI, IGA, pruritus‐NRS score and some other indexes in adults. Moreover, topical delgocitinib was observed to have a great efficacy in the treatment of AD in paediatrics. All topical JAKi showed minimal risk of mild‐to‐moderate adverse effects. Available topical JAKi are effective and safe modalities in treating AD. Nevertheless, further studies with longer duration and head‐to‐head comparative trials are necessary to find the best option with the least adverse effects.