Spherical covalent organic framework and gold nanoparticles modified 3D-printed nanocarbon electrode for the sensor of acetaminophen

3D-printing technology has emerged as an advanced manufacturing method to prepare novel sensors using in various areas. In this work, 3D-printed electrodes (3DEs) were fabricated using a graphene/polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Then, the activated 3DE was modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and spherical covalent organic framework (COF) to build an original sensor for the high sensitivity detection of acetaminophen (APAP). The fabricated 3DEs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectricity spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle experiments. The electrochemical properties of the prepared 3DEs were explored by methods of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical sensor can be used to determine APAP at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 μmol/L, with an ultra-low LOD (0.076 μmol/L). Moreover, the prepared sensor has been further used to test APAP in real sample with high recovery. Compared with traditional detection methods, the constructed 3D-printed sensor shows high sensitivity and has the potential to determine APAP in practical sample.