Live-Birth Outcomes Among Women With Infertility and Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels of 0.3 ng/mL or Lower

To estimate the live-birth rate per in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle and after cumulative infertility treatment among patients with anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels of 0.3 ng/mL or lower.We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a single academic center of patients with infertility and AMH levels of 0.3 ng/mL or lower who initiated one or more IVF cycles (2013-2019). Exclusion criteria included prior chemotherapy, hormonal contraceptive use within 3 months of AMH level measurement, and severe male factor infertility. Patients were stratified by Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) age group. The primary outcome was live-birth rate per IVF cycle. Live-birth outcomes were compared with the 2018 SART National Summary Report for live births per single intended oocyte retrieval, with proportion difference (PD) and 95% CI reported.A total of 978 patients were included. The median (interquartile range) number of cycles initiated was 2 (1-3). With the first initiated cycle, the live-birth rate for those with AMH levels of 0.3 ng/mL or lower was significantly lower in each age category compared with the SART live-birth rate per single initiated cycle (younger than 35 years: 26.2% vs 55.6%, PD 29.4%, 95% CI 20.9-37.9%; 35-37 years: 15.9% vs 40.8%, PD 24.9%, 95% CI 19.0-30.9%; 38-40 years: 12.6% vs 26.8%, PD 14.3%, 95% CI 10.2-18.3%; 41-42 years: 4.7% vs 13.4%, PD 8.7%, 95% CI 5.9-11.6%; older than 42 years: 1.2% vs 4.1%, PD 2.9%, 95% CI 1.5-4.3%). In patients aged 35-37, 38-40, 41-42, and older than 42 years, the cumulative live-birth rate after up to three initiated cycles was comparable with the SART live-birth rate per single initiated cycle but remained significantly lower in patients younger than age 35 years (PD 16.8%, 95% CI 7.3-26.2%). After all treatments were included (cumulative IVF, ovulation induction, and unassisted cycles), live-birth rates were similar to SART live-birth rates per single initiated cycle in all age groups.Compared with national outcomes, patients with AMH levels of 0.3 ng/mL or lower had a significantly lower chance of live birth after their first initiated cycle. However, the cumulative live-birth rate after up to three initiated cycles was comparable with national live-birth outcomes per single initiated cycle in patients aged 35 years or older. In patients younger than age 35 years, only when all IVF and non-IVF treatment cycles were included did the cumulative live-birth rate become comparable with the national rate per single IVF cycle.