In-situ constructing ultrafine NiCo alloy confined in LDH nanoflower for efficient selective hydrogenation of furfural

Directional activation of oxygen-containing groups is a crucial challenge in the catalytic conversion of renewable biomass to high-value products. Herein, we fabricated uniform dispersed NiCo alloy nanoparticles by direct reduction flower-like layer double hydroxides (LDHs) precursors. The as-obtained Ni2Co1AlO exhibited outstanding yield (97.6 %) of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFOL) in furfural hydrogenation, which is significantly superior to those of monometallic Ni-based (75 %) and Co-based (0 %) LDH catalysts and even higher than the most noble metal catalysts. The Ni2Co1AlO showed robust stability, e.g., the catalyst can be recycled up to 10 times without loss of its conversion and selectivity, which is attributed to the ultra-dispersed metal cations in layers and the confined effect of metal oxides. Characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that alloying Ni with Co can downshift the d-band center of Ni in NiCo alloys, which facilitates the H* desorption to improve hydrogenation activity. The unique electronic interactions between Ni and Co facilitated the parallel adsorption of furfural while reduced the energy barriers of the furan ring hydrogenation, promoting the production of THFOL. This work provides a promising strategy of tailoring d-band center, which can shed light on the design of heterogeneous catalysts.