Risk of Paradoxical Rheumatoid Arthritis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Exposed to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors: A Propensity-Matched Multicenter Study

Lay Summary Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Our retrospective study did not show an increased risk when compared with non-anti-TNF therapy for IBD.