Detection of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes through breath volatile organic compound profiling using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry

This study shows the potential of breath VOCs to accurately classify glycaemic states in individuals with T1D. While key biomarkers such as isoprene, acetone and 2-butanone were identified, the analysis emphasizes the importance of using overall VOC patterns rather than individual compounds, which can be markers for multiple conditions. Machine learning models leveraging these patterns achieved high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that breath analysis using GC-IMS could be a viable non-invasive method for monitoring glycaemic states and managing diabetes.