Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants and the Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Nested Case-Control Study in China

-trend < 0.01). After stratification by newborn sex, the significant positive association of DPHP levels with LBW risk was merely observed among female newborns. Our results suggest a positive association between maternal urinary DPHP concentrations and LBW risk for the first time, and the effect appears be sex-specific.