老化
活性氧
细胞生物学
背景(考古学)
氧化应激
黑腹果蝇
模式生物
氧化还原
生物
信号
程序性细胞死亡
细胞内
生物化学
化学
基因
遗传学
细胞凋亡
古生物学
有机化学
作者
Claudia Lennicke,Helena M. Cochemé
出处
期刊:Biochemical Society Transactions
[Portland Press]
日期:2020-03-20
卷期号:48 (2): 367-377
被引量:32
摘要
Ageing and age-related diseases are major challenges for the social, economic and healthcare systems of our society. Amongst many theories, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as a driver of the ageing process. As by-products of aerobic metabolism, ROS are able to randomly oxidise macromolecules, causing intracellular damage that accumulates over time and ultimately leads to dysfunction and cell death. However, the genetic overexpression of enzymes involved in the detoxification of ROS or treatment with antioxidants did not generally extend lifespan, prompting a re-evaluation of the causal role for ROS in ageing. More recently, ROS have emerged as key players in normal cellular signalling by oxidising redox-sensitive cysteine residues within proteins. Therefore, while high levels of ROS may be harmful and induce oxidative stress, low levels of ROS may actually be beneficial as mediators of redox signalling. In this context, enhancing ROS production in model organisms can extend lifespan, with biological effects dependent on the site, levels, and specific species of ROS. In this review, we examine the role of ROS in ageing, with a particular focus on the importance of the fruit fly Drosophila as a powerful model system to study redox processes in vivo.
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