Dihydrochalcone metabolism in the rat: Phloretin

Abstract1. The metabolism of phloretin (2′, 4′, 6′, 4-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone) was studied in rats.2. Approx. half of the intragastric dose (0-75 mmol/kg) was excreted in the urine, mainly within two days.3. Small initial amounts of phloretin were found, however most of the metabolites were degradation products. The latter included phloroglucinol and, in larger amounts, phloretic acid and related metabolites formed by its dehydrogenation, β-oxidation and glycine conjugation.4. Phloroglucinol, administered in similar experiments, was rapidly (90% within 24 h) excreted in the urine, either unchanged or as conjugates (glucuronide/sulphate).5. Incubation of phloretin and its glucoside phloridzin with rat-caecal micro-organisms resulted in the formation of phloroglucinol and phloretic acid.6. The degradative pathways of metabolism of dihydrochalcones and other flavonoids are discussed.