High‐Efficiency Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic‐Piezoelectric Hybrid Magnetic Energy Harvester via Bidirectional Magnetic Bias Inducing Torque Enhancement and Counter Rotation

ABSTRACT To tackle the long‐standing power supply challenge for distributed sensor networks in ultra‐high voltage transmission systems, we present a high‐efficiency triboelectric‐electromagnetic‐piezoelectric hybrid magnetic energy harvester (TEP‐HMEM). Its core innovation lies in the bidirectional magnetic bias inducing torque enhancement and counter rotation strategy through the magnetic circuit design composed of symmetrical upper and lower silicon steel with reverse short‐circuit rings, which significantly enhances magnetic‐mechanical conversion efficiency, with an increase of approximately 40%. By tailoring the magnetic phase difference through an optimized arrangement of dual short‐circuit rings and high‐permeability silicon steel sheets, the harvester achieves high‐output performance under the current of 200–800 A, delivering a peak power of 38.7–84.5 mW. To minimize energy loss and maximize utilization, a multi‐channel coordinated power management circuit (MC‐PMC) with isolated storage and under‐voltage lockout is implemented, achieving a low energy loss rate of approximately 17%. The self‐powered system based on the TEP‐HMEM equipped with the MC‐PMC is successfully demonstrated in monitoring conductor temperature, underground toxic gas, ambient environmental information, and inclination, with a solution capable of providing considerable output and robust performance in the harsh electromagnetic environments, offering a sustainable, maintenance‐free energy solution for real‐time sensing and risk early warning in complex transmission power system environments.