Amorphization and High-Entropy (Ni/Fe/Cu/Zn) Tuning over MIL-88(Co) Enable In Situ Irreversible Transformation of an Active CoOOH Layer toward Super Alkaline OER Efficiency

in alkaline freshwater, respectively, and remarkable long-term stability (∼100 h) with minimal performance decay. Operando Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations confirm that the irreversible phase reconstruction and associated electronic modulation drive the enhanced OER performance.