Pseudocapacitive material development is a promising approach toward realizing high-rate sodium-ion storage, through either surface redox pseudocapacitance or intercalation pseudocapacitance. This review describes the fundamental mechanisms and electrochemical features of various vanadium-based electrode materials which exhibit pseudocapacitive sodium-ion storage. In particular, areas for further research are identified and a perspective on the future of high-power sodium-ion device applications is provided.