Temperature prediction of lithium‐ion batteries based on electrochemical impedance spectrum: A review

With the rapid development of global electric vehicles, artificial intelligence, and aerospace, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become more and more widely used due to their high property. More and more disasters are caused by battery combustion. Among them, the temperature prediction of LIBs is the key to prevent the occurrence of fire. At present, using surface temperature sensor to measure the temperature of LIBs is the main method. High-capacity LIB packs used in electric vehicles and grid-tied stationary energy storage system essentially consist of thousands of individual LIB cells. Therefore, installing a physical sensor at each cell, especially at the cell core, is not practically feasible from the solution cost, space, and weight point of view. So developing a new method for battery temperature prediction has become an urgent problem to be solved. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely applied non-destructive method of characterization of LIBs. In recent years, methods of predicting LIBs temperature by EIS have been developed. The prediction of LIBs temperature based on EIS has the advantages of high real-time performance and prediction accuracy, and the device is simple and practical. The proposed method has a good development prospect in electric vehicles and other fields and can effectively solve the current problems of LIBs temperature prediction. Therefore, it is urgent to summarize these works to promote the next development. This review summarizes the main methods of using EIS to predict the temperature of LIBs in recent years, including the methods based on the impedance, phase shift, and intercept frequency. The principle and application of various methods are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods and the future development direction are discussed. Highlights Use EIS to quickly and effectively predict the internal temperature changes of LIBs. No hardware temperature sensors and thermal model are required. The methods to predict battery temperature based on impedance, phase shift, and intercept frequency are reviewed.