[Incidence of deeply infiltrating endometriosis among 240 cases of pelvic endometriosis and analysis of its clinical and pathological characteristics].

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) among patients of pelvic endometriosis confirmed by pathology and to make analysis of its clinical and pathological characteristics. Methods: From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, clinical data of 240 cases of pelvic endometriosis diagnosed by laparoscopy and pathology hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital were analyzed retrospectively for the characteristics of symptoms, pelvic examination and anatomic distribution of endometriosis foci. Results: (1) Among 240 cases of pelvic endometriosis, 94 were diagnosed with DIE with an incidence of 39.2% (94/240); of them the diagnosis were made preoperatively in 44 cases (46.8%, 44/94). (2) Compared with those without DIE, patients with DIE had higher rates of secondary dysmenorrhea [53.2% (50/94) versus 38.4% (56/146), P=0.033], anal pain [43.6% (41/94) versus 28.1% (41/146), P=0.013], dyspareunea [39.4% (37/94) versus 18.5% (27/146), P=0.001] and frequent bowel movement [33.0% (31/94) versus 15.8%(23/146), P=0.002]. (3) Patients with DIE had higher rates of bad movement of uterus [21.3% (20/94) versus 6.8% (10/146), P=0.001], painful nodularity on uterosacral ligaments [26.6% (25/94) versus 6.2% (9/146), P<0.01], painful nodularity of posterior fornix [19.1% (18/94) versus 4.8% (7/146), P<0.01], blue nodule in vaginal wall [6.4% (6/94) versus 0 (0/146), P=0.003] by pelvic examination compared with those without DIE. (4) Ninety-four patients with DIE had a total of 162 nodules, of those 88 (54.3%, 88/162) located in uterosacral ligaments, 14 (8.6%, 14/162) in the rectum, 7 (4.3%, 7/162) in vaginal wall, 6 (3.7%, 6/162) in ureter, 4 in bladder (2.5%, 4/162), 2 (1.2%, 2/162) in Douglas pouch. Forty-three DIE patients (45.7%, 43/94) had more than one nodules. Patients with DIE had concomitant ovarian endometriosis in 69 cases (73.4%, 69/94), with a total of 103 endometrial cysts. (5) Patients with DIE had a higher rate of obliterated Douglas pouch [76.6% (72/94) versus 19.2% (28/146), P<0.01]. Conclusions: More than one third of patients with pelvic endometriosis have concomitant DIE with a lower rate of preoperative diagnosis. Pelvic pains, bad movement of uterus and painful nodulirity around cervix suggest the presence of DIE.目的： 研究深部浸润型子宫内膜异位症（DIE）在盆腔子宫内膜异位症中的发生率，并分析其临床病理特征。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年1月1日至12月31日在北京大学第一医院因妇科良性疾病行腹腔镜手术且病理诊断为盆腔子宫内膜异位症的240例患者的临床病理资料，分为DIE组（94例）和非DIE组（146例），分析比较临床症状、妇科检查及盆腔病灶解剖分布特点的关系。 结果： （1）240例盆腔内异症患者中DIE患者94例，DIE在盆腔内异症中的发生率为39.2%（94/240）。94例DIE患者术前诊断44例，术前诊断率为46.8%（44/94）。（2）与非DIE组患者比较，DIE组患者继发痛经[分别为53.2%(50/94)、38.4%(56/146)，P=0.033]、肛门坠胀[分别为43.6%(41/94)、28.1%(41/146)，P=0.013]、性交痛[分别为39.4%(37/94)、18.5%(27/146)，P=0.001]、经期腹泻[分别为33.0%(31/94)、15.8%(23/146)，P=0.002]发生率高，差异均有统计学意义。（3）与非DIE组患者比较，DIE组患者妇科检查中子宫固定不活动[分别为21.3%(20/94)、6.8%(10/146)，P=0.001]、宫骶韧带触痛结节[分别为26.6%(25/94)、6.2%(9/146)，P<0.01]、后穹隆触痛结节[分别为19.1%(18/94)、4.8%(7/146)，P<0.01]、阴道壁蓝色结节[分别为6.4%(6/94)、0(0/146)，P=0.003]检出率高，差异均有统计学意义。（4）94例DIE患者共计162个DIE病灶，分别为：宫骶韧带88个（54.3%，88/162），阴道直肠隔41个（25.3%，41/162），直肠14个（8.6%，14/162），膀胱4个（2.5%，4/162），输尿管6个（3.7%，6/162），阴道壁7个（4.3%，7/162），子宫直肠陷凹2个（1.2%，2/162）。94例DIE患者中有43例（45.7%，43/94）同时存在两个及以上DIE病灶。DIE组患者合并卵巢型内异症囊肿者69例（73.4%，69/94），共计103个卵巢型内异症囊肿，1个卵巢内有1~9个异位囊腔。（5）与非DIE组患者比较，DIE组患者子宫直肠陷凹完全封闭的发生率高[分别为76.6%(72/94)、19.2%(28/146)]，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 结论： DIE在盆腔子宫内膜异位症中的发生率较高，但术前诊断率不高。疼痛症状、妇科检查发现子宫活动度差、子宫颈周围有触痛结节均提示DIE的可能。.