Polycomb complex mediated epigenetic reprogramming alters TGF‐β signaling via a novel EZH2/miR‐490/TGIF2 axis thereby inducing migration and EMT potential in glioblastomas

Recent advancement in understanding cancer etiology has highlighted epigenetic deregulation as an important phenomenon leading to poor prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM). Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is one such important epigenetic modifier reportedly altered in GBM. However, its defined mechanism in tumorigenesis still remains elusive. In present study, we analyzed our in-house ChIPseq data for H3k27me3 modified miRNAs and identified miR-490-3p to be the most common target in GBM with significantly downregulated expression in glioma patients in both TCGA and GBM patient cohort. Our functional analysis delineates for the first time, a central role of PRC2 catalytic unit EZH2 in directly regulating expression of this miRNA and its host gene CHRM2 in GBM. In accordance, cell line treatment with EZH2 siRNA and 5-azacytidine also confirmed its coregulation by CpG and histone methylation based epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, induced overexpression of miR-490-3p in GBM cell lines significantly inhibited key hallmarks including cellular proliferation, colony formation and spheroid formation, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with downregulation of multiple EMT transcription factors and promigratory genes (MMP9, CCL5, PIK3R1, ICAM1, ADAM17 and NOTCH1). We also for the first time report TGFBR1 and TGIF2 as two direct downstream effector targets of miR-490-3p that are also deregulated in GBM. TGIF2, a novel target, was shown to promote migration and EMT that could partially be rescued by miR-490-3p overexpression. Overall, this stands as a first study that provides a direct link between epigenetic modulator EZH2 and oncogenic TGF-β signaling involving novel miR-490-3p/TGIF2/TGFBR1 axis, that being targetable might be promising in developing new therapeutic intervention strategies for GBM.