Association between abdominal obesity and pulmonary function in apparently healthy adults: A systematic review

Obesity, especially abdominal obesity as a chronic disorder is associated with a high risk of developing non-communicable diseases such as respiratory diseases. Impaired lung function is a sign of early respiratory injury. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effects of abdominal obesity on pulmonary function in apparently healthy adults. Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were searched from 2014 up to August 2020 using relevant keywords. All original articles written in English evaluating the effects of abdominal obesity on pulmonary function in apparently healthy adults were eligible for this review. A total of 26 studies (23 cross-sectional and three cohort) involving 68,024 participants were included in this review. More than 88% of the included studies reported that abdominal obesity significantly inversely was associated with pulmonary function. The findings indicate that in subjects with abdominal obesity respiratory function decline possibly due to mechanical compression and obesity-induced airway inflammation. Therefore, nutrition and lifestyle interventions are required for the reduction of abdominal obesity that leads to improving pulmonary function and metabolic disease.