化学
组合化学
试剂
芳基
同种类的
胺气处理
基质(水族馆)
卤化物
烷基
选择性
均相催化
有机化学
酰肼
卤代芳基
离子液体
氧化还原
催化作用
联吡啶
纳米技术
还原胺化
反应条件
偶联反应
范围(计算机科学)
作者
Nils Kurig,David A. Cagan,Kaid C. Harper,Yu Kawamata,Donna G. Blackmond,Phil S. Baran
摘要
Reductive cross-couplings have emerged as a powerful strategy for forging C-C bonds directly from electrophiles, circumventing the need for preformed organometallic reagents, yet they often suffer from limitations associated with heterogeneous reductants like Zn (e.g., poor reproducibility and scalability) or costly homogeneous alternatives such as TDAE. Inspired by prior explorations of hydrazide chemistry, we disclose arylhydrazines as inexpensive, readily available homogeneous sacrificial reductants that enable Ni-catalyzed sp2-sp3 cross-coupling of aryl halides with secondary alkyl iodides under mild, operationally simple conditions using a NiII precursor, bipyridine ligand, and hindered amine base. Optimization, substrate scope studies, and direct comparisons reveal superior yields and selectivity relative to Zn-based methods, particularly for heterocyclic and electron-rich partners, while calorimetry-guided safety assessments and decagram-scale demonstrations highlight enhanced thermal control, reproducibility, and practicality. Mechanistic investigations via UV-vis spectroscopy, 19F NMR, and reaction calorimetry support a pathway involving hydrazine-mediated NiII reduction to initiate a NiI/NiIII cycle, with benign byproducts (N2 and arene), positioning arylhydrazines as versatile reagents for executing reductive coupling on scale.
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