Development of Bioaccessibility-Based Soil Environmental Criteria for PFAS through the Establishment of In Vitro Methods and Machine Learning Models

values of 0.229, 0.330, and 0.313 mg/kg for PFOA, PFHxS, and PFOS, respectively. These values reduced the uncertainty associated with soil variability and more accurately reflected the actual ecological risk of PFAS in soil. Overall, this study established a novel framework for deriving PFAS SEC and facilitated the transition from total concentration-based to bioaccessibility-based ecological risk assessment.