Electrolyte diluent with large electrostatic potential difference for fast charging and slow discharging lithium metal batteries

in Li | |Cu asymmetric cells. In full cells, a state-of-charge of 77.3% is achieved within 6 minutes while retaining 81.3% capacity after 200 cycles at a 10 C charging rate, demonstrating their stability under fast-charging and slow-discharging protocols.