Puncture approaches and guidance techniques of radiofrequency thermocoagulation through foramen Ovale for primary trigeminal neuralgia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is one of the leading causes of facial pain and seriously affects patients' quality of life. Foramen ovale (FO) radiofrequency thermocoagulation is a classic approach for the treatment of TN that has failed pharmacological therapy. This study summarized the safety and efficacy of transforaminal radiofrequency thermocoagulation for TN by comparing puncture approaches or guidance techniques, thereby providing higher-quality clinical evidence. Methods Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang were searched for relevant studies published before May 2022. Relevant data were extracted for analysis to compare methodological variables and clinical outcomes. Results This meta-analysis included 27 studies with a total of 1,897 patients. In terms of puncture approaches, FO had a significant advantage in reducing VAS at 12 months postoperatively ( P = 0.019) and efficacy ( P = 0.043). However, FO performed poorly on complications ( P < 0.001), operation time ( P < 0.001), and the number of needle adjustments ( P < 0.001). Regarding the guidance techniques, the adjunctive use of guidance techniques could reduce patients' 6-month VAS ( P < 0.001) and 12-month VAS ( P < 0.001), improve the efficacy ( P = 0.032), reduce recurrence rates ( P = 0.001), shorten operation times ( P < 0.001), decrease times of intraoperative fluoroscopy ( P < 0.001), and improve the success of the first puncture ( P < 0.001). Conclusion FO radiofrequency thermocoagulation has advantages in efficacy it can still better relieve the pain of patients 12 months postoperatively. However, FO has disadvantages in complications, recurrences, and operation time. The adjunctive use of guidance techniques has a positive effect on treatment efficacy and safety during FO radiofrequency thermocoagulation. However, the results still require large samples and high-quality randomized clinical trials to confirm.