A robust biomass superhydrophobic sensor for Re-healing and underwater vibration detection

Robust functional superhydrophobic materials integrating self-healing ability, degradability, and conductivity assume pivotal roles across a wide variety of emerging fields while limited by environmental issues. Herein, an ultra-robust fully bio-based superhydrophobic sensor (FBSS) was constructed using modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes and bio-based epoxy resin. The FBSS exhibited sustained superhydrophobicity and retained its surface characteristics even after being exposed to air for 70 days or enduring 100 abrasion cycles, which took advantage of its inherent chemical stability and self-similar structure. Thanks to the presence of ester bonds within the system, the FBSS could undergo bond exchange reaction enabling micro-configuration healing ability along with excellent repairing repeatability (> 4 times). Furthermore, capitalizing on the heightened wave sensitivity of the meniscus shape, the conductive FBSS was applied to monitor vibrations generated by stirring, weight falling, velocity variation, blowing, and human activities. This finding provides guidance for fabricating green and sustainable superhydrophobic materials while shedding light on the rational design of underwater sensors.