黑素psin
昼夜节律
视蛋白
生物
神经科学
人造光
视网膜神经节细胞
视觉光转导
视紫红质
视网膜
视网膜
光学
感光色素
视网膜神经节细胞
生物化学
照度
物理
作者
Robert T. Dauchy,John P. Hanifin,George C. Brainard,David E. Blask
出处
期刊:Journal of The American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
[American Association for Laboratory Animal Science]
日期:2024-01-01
标识
DOI:10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000089
摘要
Light is an environmental factor that is extrinsic to animals themselves and that exerts a profound influence on the regulation of circadian, neurohormonal, metabolic, and neurobehavioral systems of all animals, including research animals. These widespread biologic effects of light are mediated by distinct photoreceptors—rods and cones that comprise the conventional visual system and melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) of the nonvisual system that interact with the rods and cones. The rods and cones of the visual system, along with the ipRGCs of the nonvisual system, are species distinct in terms of opsins and opsin concentrations and interact with one another to provide vision and regulate circadian rhythms of neurohormonal and neurobehavioral responses to light. Here, we review a brief history of lighting technologies, the nature of light and circadian rhythms, our present understanding of mammalian photoreception, and current industry practices and standards. We also consider the implications of light for vivarium measurement, production, and technological application and provide simple recommendations on artificial lighting for use by regulatory authorities, lighting manufacturers, designers, engineers, researchers, and research animal care staff that ensure best practices for optimizing animal health and well-being and, ultimately, improving scientific outcomes.
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