Enhanced tetracycline degradation by novel Mn–FeOOH/CNNS photocatalysts in a visible-light-driven photocatalysis coupled peroxydisulfate system

Recently, photocatalysis combined peroxydisulfate activation under visible light (PC-PDS/Vis) was developed as a promising technology for removing antibiotics in water. Herein, Mn doped FeOOH (Mn-FeOOH) nanoclusters were grown in-situ on the surface of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNS) using a wet chemical method, which served as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. Photovoltaic property characterizations revealed that Mn-FeOOH/CNNS owned superior light capture ability and carrier separation efficiency. According to DFT calculations, the synergistic effect between Mn and Fe species was proved to enhance the adsorption and activation of PDS. 99.7% of tetracycline (TC) was rapidly removed in 50 min in the PC-PDS/Vis system. In addition, Mn-FeOOH/CNNS exhibited high recycling stability with low iron leaching, attributed to the interaction between Mn-FeOOH clusters and carbon species. Quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests unveiled that