Effects of curcumin and soy isoflavones on genomic instability of human colon cells NCM460 and SW620

Curcumin (CUR) and soy isoflavones (SIs) are two plant-based polyphenols that have attracted much attention, because of their extensive anticancer and health maintenance effects. However, the relevant molecular mechanisms are still uncertain. Genomic instability (GIN) refers to a combination of gene abnormal amplification, sequence deletion, ectopic, and other types of gene damage in cells, and it is one of the main factors causing cells to lose normal physiological functions. Therefore, we used the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay as the main research method to analyze the effects of CUR and SIs on the GIN of human normal colon cells NCM460 and colon cancer cells SW620. Results show that CUR (12.5 μM) could reduce the apoptosis of NCM460 and maintain its genomic stability while inhibiting the proliferation of SW620 and promoting its apoptosis. There was no difference in the promoting effect of GIN between SW620 and NCM460 using SIs (3.125-50 μM). When the two polyphenols (v/v = 1/1, 1.5625-6.25 μM) were mixed, they could promote the proliferation and GIN of the NCM460 and SW620 cells, but we did not find that combining the two produced a better effect on the cells. In conclusion, CUR has more prominent health and anticancer effects, and it may become a dietary recommendation for daily health maintenance and a potential adjuvant drug for cancer treatment.