Alginate-based nanocomposites for food preservation: Recent progress showcasing heightened material properties and functionalities

In light of the pressing global issues surrounding foodborne illnesses, food waste and plastic pollution from packaging, the necessity for sustainable, advanced food packaging solutions is brought into sharp focus. Alginate, derived from seaweed, has emerged as a focal point for materials innovation due to its renewable nature, biodegradability and versatile functionality. This comprehensive review examines recent developments in the field of alginate-based nanocomposites specifically designed for use in food packaging. Significant advancements entail the incorporation of diverse nanoparticles—such as polysaccharides, carbon-based and metallic species, metal oxides, nanoclays, layered double hydroxides, carbon dots and metal–organic frameworks—into alginate matrices. These integrations markedly elevate the mechanical robustness, thermal stability and barrier effectiveness of the materials. Furthermore, these nanocomposites manifest antimicrobial, antioxidant and sensing capabilities vital for food preservation. Pioneering methodologies encompass the infusion of plant extracts, essential oils and bioactive compounds, which synergistically enhance performance metrics. The review highlights the practical applications of these materials, demonstrating their effectiveness in prolonging shelf life and maintaining quality in a range of food products, such as fresh produce, meat and dairy items. It also presents forward-thinking insights that advocate for cost-effective and biosafe nanofiller exploration, resource-efficient process development and innovative formulation strategies to further amplify material functionality and expand the scope of applications in food packaging.