Electron Spin Polarization in Rechargeable Batteries: Theoretical Foundation and Practical Applications

Abstract Electron spin polarization (ESP) refers to the alignment of electron spins in a specified direction, with burgeoning research underscoring its pivotal role in enhancing rechargeable batteries. This review delves into the theoretical underpinnings of ESP and its intricate connection to the performance of rechargeable batteries, elucidating its potential to augment charge/discharge efficiency, elevate energy density, and refine overall battery functionality. The review further encompasses an overview of experimental methodologies employed to probe ESP in rechargeable battery systems, spotlighting seminal discoveries from contemporary studies and evaluating the hurdles and prospects linked to its practical applications. The profound advantages of ESP for rechargeable batteries are underscored, suggesting that harnessing this phenomenon can empower researchers and engineers to develop batteries with superior energy storage capacities, swifter charging rates, and extended cycle lifespans. Such advancements can expedite the adoption of electric vehicles and the seamless integration of renewable energy sources into power grids, among other high‐energy‐demand applications. In conclusion, this review offers invaluable perspectives on rechargeable batteries through the lens of ESP, with the insights presented here expected to catalyze further research and innovation in the energy storage sector, thereby advancing the development of sustainable and efficient rechargeable battery technologies.