一氧化氮
活性氧
缺氧(环境)
细胞生物学
生物化学
细胞呼吸
生物
活性氮物种
磷酸戊糖途径
代谢途径
化学
线粒体
糖酵解
氧气
新陈代谢
有机化学
内分泌学
作者
Swati Samant,Navindra Yadav,Jagannath Swain,Josepheena Joseph,Arti Kumari,Afsana Praveen,Ranjan Kumar Sahoo,Girigowda Manjunatha,Chandra Shekar Seth,Sneh L. Singla‐Pareek,Christine H. Foyer,Ashwani Pareek,Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
摘要
Abstract Hypoxia occurs when the oxygen levels fall below the levels required for mitochondria to support respiration. Regulated hypoxia is associated with quiescence, particularly in storage organs (seeds) and stem cell niches. In contrast, environmentally-induced hypoxia poses significant challenges for metabolically-active cells that are adapted to aerobic respiration. The perception of oxygen availability through cysteine oxidases, which function as oxygen-sensing enzymes in plants that control the N-degron pathway, and the regulation of hypoxia-responsive genes and processes is essential to survival. Functioning together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly hydrogen peroxide and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as nitric oxide (•NO), nitrogen dioxide (•NO2), S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), hypoxia signaling pathways trigger anatomical adaptations such as formation of aerenchyma, mobilization of sugar reserves for anaerobic germination, formation of aerial adventitious roots and hyponastic response. NO and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) participate in local and systemic signaling pathways that facilitate acclimation to changing energetic requirements, controlling glycolytic fermentation, the GABA shunt and amino acid synthesis. NO enhances antioxidant capacity and contributes to the recycling of redox equivalents energy metabolism through the phytoglobin (Pgb)-NO cycle. Here, we summarize current knowledge, highlighting the central role of NO and redox regulation in adaptive responses that prevent hypoxia-induced death in challenging conditions such as flooding.
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