Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks and their derived materials: Properties, synthesis and application in supercapacitors field

There is a current push in the energy industry to develop flexible, wearable, environmentally friendly electronics that are also inexpensive Supercapacitors (SCs) are increasingly drawing attention due to their impressive power density and extended cycle life, particularly those featuring integrated designs. 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) stand out for their catalytic efficiency, uniform active sites, distinct open channels, large aspect ratio, minimal thickness, rapid charge/discharge ability, high power density, and long cycle life, marking a significant material breakthrough in the field of energy and portable device applications. However, their low conductivity and stability limit their electrochemical use. To address this, methods like oxidation, vulcanization, phosphorization, or carbonization have been developed to significantly enhance their conductivity and stability by converting them into transition metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, and carbides. This review outlines the potential of 2D MOFs and their derivatives as advanced energy storage materials, detailing their synthesis, structural design, and properties. It also covers transformation strategies that enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors, underscoring the importance of 2D MOFs in improving energy storage solutions. The article integrates experimental findings and theoretical analysis to emphasize the importance of 2D MOFs and their derivatives in developing more efficient and sustainable supercapacitor-based energy storage solutions. In conclusion, the challenges faced in advancing these fascinating 2D MOFs and their derivatives are scrutinized, alongside prospective strategies aimed at improving their performance in energy storage have been reviewed.