Co-Delivery of Astaxanthin and siTGF-β1 via Ionizable Liposome Nanoparticles for Improved Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapy

Alleviating the injury of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC 2s) and inhibiting the activation and differentiation of fibroblasts are significant for improving the therapeutic effect of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). To this aim, ionizable liposome nanoparticles (ASNPs) coloaded with antioxidant drug astaxanthin (AST) and small interfering RNA targeting transforming growth factor β1 (siTGF-β1) were developed for enhanced IPF therapy. ASNPs showed high loading and intracellular delivery efficiency for AST and siTGF-β1. After the injection of ASNPs in an IPF mice model, the loaded AST largely scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the diseased lung to reduce AEC2 apoptosis, thereby ensuring the integrity of the alveolar epithelium. Meanwhile, siTGF-β1, delivered by ASNPs, significantly silenced the expression of TGF-β1 in fibroblasts, inhibiting the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts as well as reducing the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). The combined use of the two drugs exhibited an excellent synergistic antifibrotic effect and was conducive to minimizing alveolar epithelial damage. This work provides a codelivery strategy of AST and siTGF-β1, which shows great promise for the treatment of IPF by simultaneously reducing alveolar epithelial damage and inhibiting fibroblast activation.