Dietary Protein Intake in CKD: Quantity and Quality

An intensive management, including nutritional interventions, is crucial for reducing mortality and improving outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dietary protein reduction has been a key strategy in CKD management since the 1930s, when specialized diets were used to treat uremic symptoms. Research has shown that excessive protein intake exacerbates kidney damage, while a controlled protein intake reduces metabolic toxins and their harmful effects. Evidence indicates that animal proteins contribute to the production of uremic toxins; in contrast, a plant-based diet offers numerous benefits as long as the sources are combined to ensure a complete essential amino acid profile. This review explores the optimal protein intake for CKD patients, focusing on the quantity and quality of dietary proteins and the optimal way to ensure a sustained compliance over time.