Covalent organic framework membranes for lithium extraction: facilitated ion transport strategies to enhance selectivity

conduction. We also survey recent advancements in COF-based lithium separation technologies, such as high-performance COF membranes and sorbents for extracting lithium from brines and seawater, evaluating their potential, as well as remaining challenges, for sustainable industrial implementation. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of how advanced COF engineering can enable efficient and selective lithium-ion transport, offering valuable insights for the development of next-generation lithium extraction materials and technologies.