Microfluidic Construction of Heterogeneous Micro–Nano-Structured Materials for Biomedical Applications

This review focuses on the use of microfluidic technology for the fabrication of heterogeneous micro–nano-structured materials, with an emphasis on anisotropic structures shaped by hydrodynamic conditions. Microfluidics allows precise control over fluid flow, enabling the creation of materials with tailored size, shape, and composition at the microscale. Through the manipulation of parameters such as flow rate, viscosity, and surface tension, it is possible to produce complex heterogeneous micro–nano structures with varying functional properties. These materials are particularly promising for biomedical applications including cell culture, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and in vitro models. The review also addresses the challenges and future directions in the field, highlighting the potential for microfluidic technology to advance biomedical research, personalized medicine, and regenerative therapies.