Size- and morphology-controlled NH2-MIL-53(Al) prepared in DMF–water mixed solvents

We present here a simple solvothermal method to fabricate metal-organic framework NH2-MIL-53(Al) crystals with controllable size and morphology just by altering the ratio of water in the DMF-water mixed solvent system without the addition of any surfactants or capping agents. With increasing the volume ratio of water in the mixed solvents, a series of NH2-MIL-53(Al) crystals with different sizes and morphologies were synthesized. The average size of the smallest crystal is 76 ± 20 nm, which provides us a simple and environmentally friendly way to prepare nanoscale MOFs. The largest BET surface area of these samples is 1882 m(2) g(-1) that is mainly contributed by its micropore surface area, and its corresponding micropore volume is 0.83 cm(3) g(-1), which have greatly extended its application in the fields of gas adsorption and postsynthetic modification. All these samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TGA and FT-IR. Then a mechanism for the impact of the water ratio on the crystal size and morphology is presented and discussed.