Objective To investigate and compare the therapeutic effect of open operation and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotripsy on renal calculus. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 61 cases of renal calculus patients from Jan. 1997 to Oct. 2007 in our hospital with 32 treated with open operation and 29 minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Result The group with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotripsy has better therapeutic effect than the open operation group. Conclusion Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (MPCNL) has the advantages as less trauma,simple procedure,less bleeding,higher clearance rate and less complications etc. MPCNL has distinctive advantage and better effect than open operation.