Optimization of hot water extraction and ultra high pressure extraction for deer antler

Optimization of hot water extraction (HE) and ultra high pressure extraction (UHPE) for deer antler was conducted to obtain the highest yield of bioactives. Experiments were designed using a central composite design. The 3 independent variables of temperature, time, and the solvent ratio for HE, and pressure, time, and the solvent ratio for UHPE were used with the 4 dependent variables of extraction yield, uronic acid, glycosaminoglycans, and sialic acid contents. Optimal conditions for HE were 90.0°C, 20.0 h, and a 1:29.34 solvent ratio, and 200.0 MPa, 30.0 min, and 1:30.0 for UHPE. Temperature was the key factor for the extraction yield of HE, but bioactive compounds were more affected by the solvent ratio in both extraction methods. The HE extraction yield was higher than for UHPE. More bioactive compounds were obtained with HE. A greater economic efficiency was observed for UHPE.