The Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation Through ATF4/CHOP‐Dependent Pathway

Osteoblasts are bone‐forming cells that produce large amounts of collagen type I and various bone matrix proteins. Although osteoblast differentiation is highly regulated by various factors, it remains unknown whether lysosomes are directly involved in osteoblast differentiation. Here, we demonstrate the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, modulates osteoblast differentiation. The expression levels of TFEB as well as those of endosomal/lysosomal proteins were up‐regulated during osteoblast differentiation using mouse osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. By gene knockdown (KD) experiments with small interfering RNA (siRNA), TFEB depletion caused markedly reduced osteoblast differentiation as compared with the control cells. Conversely, overexpression (OE) of TFEB resulted in strikingly enhanced osteoblastogenesis compared to the control cells. By analysis of down‐stream effector molecules, TFEB KD was found to cause marked up‐regulation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), both of which are essential factors for osteoblastogenesis. In contrast, TFEB OE promoted osteoblast differentiation through reduced expression of ATF4 and CHOP without differentiation agents. Given the importance of ATF4 and CHOP in osteoblastogenesis, it is clear that the TFEB‐regulated signaling pathway for osteoblast differentiation is involved in ATF4/CHOP‐dependent signaling pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1321–1333, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.